System Design Case Studies

How to frame requirements, estimate capacity, and reason about trade-offs before drawing boxes.

Video upload, transcoding pipelines, CDN delivery, and metadata at billions of views.

Low-latency messaging, delivery guarantees, offline users, and end-to-end encryption.

Inventory holds, double-booking prevention, payments, and calendar search at Airbnb scale.

One person one vote, tamper resistance, auditability, and handling viral traffic spikes.

Real-time state sync, authoritative servers, matchmaking, and regional game shards.

Turn-based play, async moves, conflict resolution, and leaderboards for Wordle-style games.

Checkout flows, sagas, compensating transactions, and durable workflow engines.

Google Docs, Figma, and Notion — presence, operational transforms, and CRDTs.

Loan applications, onboarding wizards, draft persistence, validation, and resume-later UX.